Urukurikirane rw'imikorere y'imashini zikora imiyoboro ya ERW – Igice cya 2: Guhuza neza no guhindura imikorere kugira ngo habeho imikorere myiza

Mu gice gishize, twavuze ku ntambwe z'ingenzi zo gukuramo, kugenzura, kuzamura no gukora ivugurura rikomeye ku mashini yawe nshya ikora imiyoboro ya ERW. Noneho, tugiye ku gikorwa cy'ingenzi cyo guhuza no guhindura neza imiyoboro, ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gutuma imiyoboro ikorwa neza kandi ikora neza.

Gusobanukirwa Ivugurura: Intego yo Kuboneza Ivugurura Ritunganye

Muri uru rwego, guhindura imiterere y’imizingo bivuga gutunganya neza inzira yo gukora umuyoboro kugira ngo umuyoboro udafite imashini ugende neza kandi neza mu mashini, amaherezo ugakora imiyoboro yujuje ibisabwa. Niba imashini ishobora gukora imiyoboro muri ubu buryo, twavuga ko "guhindura" byagenze neza. Izindi mpinduka mu gihe cyo gukora buri gihe muri rusange zifatwa neza nko "gukemura ibibazo" iyo ibintu bitagenze neza uko byari byitezwe.

Guhindura igice cy'umuyoboro w'amazi bishobora kugabanywamo intambwe zikurikira:

I. Kwitegura ni ingenzi: Kugenzura imigozi no gusuzuma imiterere y'imashini

Mbere yo kwinjira mu nzira yo kuvugurura, gutegura neza ni ngombwa:

• Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Umuzingo:Ibande ku miterere y'umuyoboro urimo gukora umuzingo. Koresha icyitegererezo kugira ngo urebe neza ko imiterere ya buri muzingo ijyanye n'ibisabwa mu gishushanyo. Kura imizingo iyo ari yo yose itujuje ibisabwa. Nanone, zirikana umurambararo w'ibanze w'umuzingo. Ibi bituma imizingo yose izenguruka neza. Imizingo ibiri ihuye igomba kuba ingana mu bunini no mu ishusho.
• Igenzura ry'imiterere y'imashini:Menya neza ko imashini ikora neza. Ibi bishobora gusobanurwa muri make ku buryo bukurikira:
  • Imitambiko itambitse igomba kuba iringaniye.
  • Imitambiko ihagaze igomba kuba igororotse.
  • Aho uruziga rushyirwa hagomba kuba hahamye.
  • Ibice binyerera bigomba kugenda neza kandi neza.
  • Guhindura bigomba kuba byoroshye.

  Niba imashini itujuje ibi bisabwa, kora isuku kugira ngo igarure ubushobozi bwayo bw'ibanze. Ni ngombwa gukosora ikintu cyose kigaragaza imyitwarire ikurikira: idashobora guhindurwa, idahamye nyuma yo guhindurwa, cyangwa aho itembera.

II. Kuboneza neza: Ishingiro ry'umusaruro mwiza w'imiyoboro

1. Guhuza imiyoboro y'amazi

Gutunganya imiyoboro ni intambwe ya mbere mu gikorwa cyo kuyitunganya.

• Hitamo insinga y'icyuma ya mm 0.5. Ikoreshe hamwe n'udupira two gushyiramo ibikoresho by'imashini ikora kugeza ku dupira two kugorora tw'imashini ikora ingano nk'uburebure bw'ibanze.
• Shyiraho umurongo wo hagati w'umuzingo. Komeza insinga y'icyuma uyishyireho nk'umurongo ugororotse kandi udahinduka.
• Menya neza ko uburebure bw'insinga y'icyuma buri hejuru gato y'umurambararo wo hasi w'umuzingo ugororotse (mm 2 cyangwa irenga). Muri ubwo buryo bizirinda gukora ku mugozi wangiza uburyo bwo gupima no gushyiramo neza. Iyi nsinga y'icyuma izaba umurongo ngenderwaho wo guhuza umugozi.
• 

2. Guhuza imigozi itambitse

Hari uburyo bubiri bwo guhuza imizingo itambitse:

• Uburyo bwa 1: Koresha moteri yo guhindura kugira ngo uhuze itandukaniro ry'ubugari hagati y'imizingo itandukanye y'imizingo. Ariko, niba uburyo ibice bitunganywa neza bitujuje ibisabwa, amakosa yo gukururana ashobora kubaho byoroshye nyuma yo guteranya, bigahindura ku buryo butaziguye ingaruka zo guhuza imiterere y'imizingo.
• Uburyo bwa 2: Koresha nut yo gufunga kugira ngo uhindure aho ibyuma bifunga biri ku giti, kugira ngo hagati y'umuyoboro wa buri ruziga hahuze n'umurongo wo hagati. Icyitegererezo cyihariye gikoreshwa mu kugenzura aho hagati y'umuyoboro haherereye. Mu gihe ugenzura, shyira igishushanyo mbonera mu muyoboro uri ku murongo, hanyuma uzamure buhoro buhoro impera yo hejuru. Iyo insinga y'icyuma ishobora kugwa neza mu muyoboro wo hagati w'icyitegererezo, bigaragaza ko aho hagati h'umuyoboro ari ho hakwiye, bitabaye ibyo, hakenewe guhindura uburyo bwo kugenda bw'umurongo. Ubu ni uburyo bworoshye bwo guhuza.

Guhuza imigozi yo hejuru bikoresha imigozi yo hasi nk'icyitegererezo. Nyuma yo kubara intera yo hagati hagati y'imigozi yo hejuru n'iyo hasi, hindura imigozi yo hejuru mu mwanya utambitse. Uburyo bwo kubara intera yo hagati ni ubu bukurikira:

• Ibarura ry'intera y'aho ikigo cy'imirongo gifunguye (Open Groove Axial Center):H = (Dlower + Dupper) ÷ 2 + t – a
• Ibarura ry'intera y'aho ikigo cy'imirongo gifunze:H = Dlower + 2R – aWhere:
  • Dlower = Umurambararo wo hasi w'umuzingo wo hasi (mm)
  • Dupper = Umurambararo wo hanze w'umuzingo wo hejuru (mm)
  • t = Ubugari bw'umuyoboro udafite ikintu (mm)
  • R = Umwanya w'umuyoboro w'ingano (mm)
  • a = Igipimo cyo kugabanya (0.1～0.5)

  Ingano ya coefficient a ishingiye ahanini ku bunini bw'umuyoboro udafite ikintu, ingano y'igabanuka ry'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umuyoboro, ingano n'ibisobanuro, hamwe n'imimerere nyayo nk'umurambararo w'umuyoboro n'ihindagurika ry'umuyoboro. Ariko, gukonja ntibishobora kubaho ku mashini ikora. Niba ingano y'igabanuka ryatoranijwe irahagije bishobora gupimwa no kugenzurwa n'ibimenyetso by'insinga ya fuse. Mu gihe cyo gufata ingero, banza utangire igice hanyuma ukingure ku muvuduko muto cyane, hanyuma ugorore umuyoboro wa fuse ufite umurambararo munini gato ugereranije n'ubunini bw'umuyoboro udafite ikintu kugira ngo uhuze neza n'umuyoboro, hanyuma ugishyire buhoro buhoro mu cyuma gikurura kugira ngo ubone igabanuka ry'umuyoboro wa fuse.

Nyuma yuko umugozi wo hejuru ukozwe mu buryo bungana, aho umugozi wo hejuru uherereye ushobora gushyirwa hagati hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "template-style plug gauge" kugira ngo harebwe niba icyuho kiri hagati y'impande ebyiri z'umugozi wo hasi n'umugozi wo hejuru ari kimwe. Niba ari kimwe, aho umugozi wo hejuru uherereye ushobora gufungwa. Koresha uburyo bwo gukora ku migozi ifunze kugira ngo urebe niba imigozi yo hejuru n'iyo hasi ihuye.

3. Guhuza imigozi ihagaze

Gutunganya imigozi ihagaze bishobora kugabanywamo intambwe eshatu:

• Ubwa mbere, menya icyuho cy’ifungura rya buri tsinda ry’imizingo ihagaze, ni ukuvuga intera iri hagati y’imizingo ibiri ihagaze;
• Hanyuma, shaka aho buri tsinda ry'imizingo ihagaze riri;
• Amaherezo, hindura uburebure bw'imizingo ihagaze.

Icyuho cyo gufungura cy'umuzingo uhagaze kigomba gushingira ku bugari bw'icyuho cyo guhindura imiterere y'umuzingo mu gihe cyo gushushanya ishusho y'umuzingo, hanyuma kikagabanukaho nka mm 5. Iyo ingano y'igabanuka ari nini cyane, bizihutisha kwangirika kw'inkombe yo hejuru y'imiterere y'umuzingo uhagaze kandi byongera umutwaro ku bikoresho.

Hagati y'umuzingo uhagaze hagomba kuba hahujwe icyarimwe n'umuzingo utambitse kugira ngo harebwe ko imyanya yo hagati y'umuzingo utambitse n'uhagaze iri ku murongo umwe wo hagati. Nyuma y'uko umurongo wo hagati w'umuzingo uhagaze ubonetse, insinga y'icyuma ishobora kumanurwa ikagera ku mwanya wo hasi w'umuzingo utambitse, kandi uburebure bw'umuzingo uhagaze bushobora gutangizwa. Uburebure bw'umuzingo uhagaze bugomba gushingira ku burebure bw'inkombe yo hasi y'umuzingo uhagaze uhuye n'uburebure bw'umuzingo w'icyuma. Uburebure bw'umuzingo uhagaze mbere yo gushingwa bugomba kugenwa hakurikijwe ibipimo by'imikorere y'ingano y'umuzingo wo hasi uciwe.

4. Izindi ngamba zo guhuza imiyoboro

Uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'indi mibumbe bushobora kwerekeza ku ihame ryo guhuza imigozi igororotse n'imigozi ihagaze. Gusa, aho umurambararo wo hasi w'umugozi wo hasi w'umugozi uyobora ugomba kuba hejuru gato y'umurongo w'icyitegererezo kuri 0.5 ~ 2 mm (biterwa n'umurambararo n'ubugari bw'urukuta rw'umuyoboro wakozwe). Umugozi ushyigikira umugozi ugomba kuba hejuru ya 0.5 mm ugereranije n'umurongo w'icyitegererezo kugira ngo imbaraga zirusheho gukomera mu gihe cyo gupanga imigozi yo hanze no gukumira gusimbuka.